Chamomile

What is chamomile?

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) is an herbal supplement used in dogs and rarely in cats as a sedative, an anti-inflammatory, and a muscle relaxant. It has been used both topically to treat inflamed skin, and internally to treat inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions, such as stomach ulcers and inflammatory bowel disease. It has also been used to help with mild anxiety. Cats appear to be more sensitive to the effects of chamomile.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not review non-drug health products (e.g., herbals, nutraceuticals, shampoos, and other supplements) for safety or effectiveness before they are sold to the public. Manufacturers of non-drug health products must ensure their products are safe and labeled accurately. The FDA requires that these non-pharmaceuticals contain a disclaimer that says, “This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.” Health Canada licenses “veterinary health products” after reviewing safety, efficacy, and manufacturing information provided by the manufacturer. These products are not tested by Health Canada.

Your veterinarian is the best source of information about the safety of non-drug health products in pets. Just because a product is natural does not mean it is safe. All medicines and medicinal plants are potentially toxic if used inappropriately or given at high doses. Supplements can also have side effects, like pharmaceuticals. Few supplements and herbs have been subjected to rigorous scientific trials to determine their efficacy. Although the information in this handout may be helpful, it also may be incomplete and may not represent the full range of effects the supplement could have on your pet.

How is chamomile given?

• Chamomile comes in liquid, powder, capsule, cream, salve, and ointment forms.
• Liquids, powders, and capsules are given orally (by mouth). Creams, salves, and ointments are given topically (directly onto the skin).
• Oral forms may be given with or without food.
• Measure doses carefully as high doses may be toxic.
• Follow your veterinarian’s instructions on administering this medication carefully and give for the entire time prescribed by your veterinarian, even if your pet is feeling better.

This medication should take effect within a few hours, though outward effects may not be noticeable.

What if I miss giving my pet the supplement?

If you miss a dose, give it when you remember, but if it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and give it at the next scheduled time, and return to the regular dosing schedule. Never give your pet two doses at once or give extra doses.

Are there any potential side effects?

Chamomile may cause the following side effects:

• Mild skin irritation
• Mild gastrointestinal upset

Serious adverse reactions may occur. If any of the following signs develop, stop giving chamomile and contact your veterinarian immediately:

• An allergic reaction such as irregular breathing, rash, fever, puffiness and swelling around the face
• Severe vomiting and/or diarrhea, especially in cats

Drug sensitivities can develop over time with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses, but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment.

Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, though effects may last longer in pets with liver and/or kidney disease.

Are there any risk factors for this supplement?

DO NOT USE chamomile in:

• Pets that are allergic to any component or similar plants (e.g. ragweed, daisies)

USE WITH CAUTION in:

• Pets that are pregnant or lactating
• Pets that are young
• Pets that are debilitated
• Cats

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

The following medications should be used with caution when given with chamomile:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; e.g., meloxicam, robenacoxib, carprofen)
• Sedatives (e.g., benzodiazepines, barbiturates)
• Warfarin

Vitamins, herbal therapies, and supplements have the potential to interact with each other, as well as with prescription and over-the-counter medications. It is important to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including all vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking.

Is any monitoring needed with this supplement?

• Follow your veterinarian’s directions for follow-up visits and diagnostics.
• At home, monitor for any abnormal changes. If these occur, discontinue the medication and contact your veterinarian.

How do I store chamomile?

• Store the medication in a cool, dry location.
• Protect from light.
• Keep medication out of reach of children and pets.

What should I do in case of emergency?

If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility.