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• Multidrug Resistance Mutation (MDR1)

  Many herding breeds (most commonly Collies and Australian Shepherds) have a mutation at the MDR1 gene that makes them more sensitive to the negative effects of certain medications. This handout explains how this mutation works and how to know if your dog is affected.

• Muscle Tears in Dogs

  Muscle tears are direct or indirect traumatic injuries that cause damage to muscle tissue. The most common cause is an indirect injury, or strain, caused by overstretching during athletic activities. This handout discusses these injuries, the clinical signs, diagnostic testing, therapy, and expected prognosis.

• Muscular Dystrophy in Dogs

  Muscular dystrophy is an inherited disease that affects muscles. Signs of muscular dystrophy are typically seen early in life (at one to three months of age) and they progress as the dog ages. This handout discusses the signs, diagnosis, and treatment of muscular dystrophy in dogs.

• Myasthenia Gravis in Dogs

  Myasthenia gravis is a disease in which there is a malfunction in the transmission of signals between the nerves and muscles. Dogs with myasthenia gravis exhibit extreme weakness and excessive fatigue. There are two forms: inherited and acquired. Anti-acetylcholinesterase medication and immunosuppressive therapy will likely be required for the life of the dog.

• Narcolepsy in Dogs

  A narcoleptic episode involves sudden collapse and loss of movement in which the pet literally falls asleep, often while physically active, then wakes up abruptly and proceeds as if nothing happened. Although you may not be able to stop the episodes, you may be able to reduce the frequency and severity of events by identifying possible patterns that precipitate the incidents.

• Neuroendocrine Tumors: Gastrinomas and Intestinal Carcinoids

  Gastrinomas and intestinal carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors that occur in the pancreas and upper intestine (gastrinomas) and in the intestines (intestinal carcinoids). Generally, neuroendocrine tumors are rare in dogs and cats. This handout outlines their signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

• Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insulinomas and Glucagonomas

  Insulinomas and glucagonomas are neuroendocrine tumors that occur in the pancreas, and can affect blood sugar levels. Generally, neuroendocrine tumors are rare in dogs and cats. This handout outlines their signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

• Neuroendocrine Tumors: Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas and Pheochromocytoma

  Medullary thyroid carcinomas and pheochromocytomas are neuroendocrine tumors that occur in the thyroid gland and the adrenal gland, respectively. Generally, neuroendocrine tumors are rare in dogs and cats. This handout outlines their signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

• Neuroendocrine Tumors: Small Cell Lung Carcinomas

  Small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) are a rare type of lung cancer. The prognosis for small cell lung carcinoma is generally poor, as it is highly aggressive. This handout outlines their signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

• Nose Bleeds (Epistaxis) in Dogs

  Nose Bleeds (Epistaxis) in dogs can be extremely unsettling for the pet owner. Most acute (sudden) nosebleeds are caused by simple trauma or by upper respiratory tract infections. This handout discusses nosebleeds in dogs, the various causes of this condition, first aid recommendations and possible testing to find the root cause of the problem.